LBST_301W_MEDIA_JOURNAL
This assignment was originally written for March 22, 2022.
Media Journal
Monday, March 7, 2022
[1:15PM]
Wizards of Waverly Place (Disney Plus) - Season 2, Episode 18 “Hugh’s Not Normous”
Alex Russo’s friend, Hugh Normous, a self-proclaimed giant, runs away from home after finding out that he is adopted and not a real giant. Coincidentally, Alex decides to do something nice (since she is quite a selfish person) and helps Hugh find his biological parents. Once they locate his biological parents, it turns out that he is a “giant” in comparison to them because he is taller than both of them, making him feel whole. A reunion takes place between Hugh’s adopted and birth parents at Russo's place and Hugh says that what Alex did is “the nicest thing anyone has ever done for him” making Alex feel warm inside for a rare moment.
Youtube, “[DINO’S DANCEOLOGY] Charlie Puth - Cheating on You (with SEUNGKWAN)
A dance cover performed by two members of K-pop boy band ‘SEVENTEEN.’
Youtube, “How to Stop Buying Trends + Find Your Style l my system as a stylist” (channel: Body and Style)
Ellie-Jean (the creator/stylist) emphasizes her reasoning for creating a ‘style priority system’ is due to the overconsumption of fashion and deterioration of our planet as a consequence of micro-fashion trends. She explains her style system which includes prioritizing elements of your ideal fashion so that you do not get influenced by trending fashion that you will most likely not wear and end up donating, throwing, or giving away — creating more waste.
[22:30]
Hannah Montana (Disney Plus) - Season 3, Episode 26 “Come Fail Away”
Hannah is hired to voice a cartoon duck, but the director does not want her to use her real talking voice. She works hard to make her acting voice sound good for the director, but it ends up not being good enough for him. Jackson (Hannah’s brother) is tired of his dad (Robby) calling him and instead asks if he can text him. First, Robby says that he prefers not to because he doesn’t know how to text. However, he learns fast and ends up texting Jackson so much that Jackson tells him to call him instead.
That’s So Raven (Disney Plus) - Season 3, Episode 7 “Bend It Like a Baxter”
Raven has a crush on a guy at school whose name is Eric, but he only likes athletes. Eric takes an interest in Natasha, a gymnast, who looks like Raven. While looking through a window, Eric accidentally mistakes Natasha for Raven and Raven takes advantage of that by getting closer to him. Her plan backfires when the truth comes out and she ends up bruising her entire body when attempting to do a gymnastics routine. On the other hand, Cory (Raven’s brother) finds out that Cindy, the girl he likes, likes boys who wear glasses. He finds a pair of glasses in the lost in found, which ends up blurring his vision. Cory ends up wrecking Cindy’s project and falling, bruising parts of his body too. The message of the episode is to be yourself.
That’s So Raven (Disney Plus) - Season 3, Episode 15 “Getting’ out of Dodge”
While in gym class, the school bullies start-up dodgeball. The head honcho (Bianca) is about to hit Raven with a ball when Raven dodges it and it rebounds to Bianca. The act “pushes out that bad” in Bianca and she decides she no longer wants to be a bully. The two followers of the bully squad, Loca and Muffy, are frustrated with no longer having a leader and appoint Raven since she knocked out Bianca and changed her. Associating with Loca and Muffy is making people scared of Raven, so she tries to remind Bianca of the “fun” she used to get out of bullying her via photos. Instead, Bianca feels terrible and apologizes for all the things she did.
Meanwhile, Cory brings his friend Larry over to play video games but takes an interest in Cory’s dad’s (Mr. Baxter) cooking. For about a week, Cory becomes lonely because Larry would rather hang out with his dad than him. To show Larry how it feels, he invites his mom over to work out together. He understands that he shouldn’t ignore his friends despite finding an interest in cooking and apologizes to Cory.
Tuesday, March 8, 2022
[11:00]
Tiktok, scrolled for ~ 30 minutes
Did not see anything particular; mostly people showing their outfits of the day and humorous videos.
[12:00]
Wizards of Waverly Place - Season 2, Episode 19 “Don’t Rain on Justin’s Parade - Earth”
At school, the Russos must find a career mentor. Justin’s mentor is his favourite weatherman, Baxter Knight. Alex’s mentor is the principal, Mr. Laritate. Max’s mentor is a cop who sings. It turns out that Baxter Knight is not a good weatherman, so Justin uses magic to make all of his absurd predictions come true, like yam-sized hail and snow that covers half the city. This upsets mother nature, who ends up punishing Justin and she tells him that humans should be helping the planet by trying to live more sustainability, as the weather varies everywhere and one’s actions in one region affect climate in another.
Mr. Laritate finds that Alex is a good detective when she helps him find out the culprits for school crimes. This ruins Alex’s reputation as being a troublemaker, so she finds a way to get herself back into trouble. When Alex tells the principal that she is the one who gave the key to her friend to get into the teacher’s lounge, Alex is given one-month detention while her friend (who is not a troublemaker) gets a warning. She calls out Mr. Laritate for his punishment method as he seems to give her harsh punishments, while other troublemakers get off with a warning meanwhile their crimes are much worse, like vandalizing half the school. Mr. Laritate says that he punishes people based on them as people, and not their crime(s). He explains that since nothing seems to get through to other kids, Alex gets harsh punishments because he believes she has more redeeming qualities. There is not much plot with Max’s storyline — only that once his police officer mentor loses his singing voice, Max leaves him as he wanted a mentor who could do two things.
[16:00]
“The Friend Zone” Podcast (Spotify) - “Church Got a VIP”
One of the three podcast hosts, Dustin Ross, leads the episode by sharing a story of 72-year-old, Bishop Noel Jones, proposing to a long-time lady friend, Loretta Jones, and being extremely disrespectful in his proposal speech which was presented in front of a whole congregation.
Some of his speech: “Should I give up my freedom coat for a straight jacket?” “Should I, at my age, get married to someone way younger than me?” “Should I give up not having to answer to anybody if I’m in Africa and want to go to Europe? I wouldn’t have to call anybody.” “Should I have someone censoring who comes to my house?” “Should I have to give up my Ferrari and buy a station wagon?” He then turns to Loretta and asks: “Should you have to push a wheelchair when I can’t walk?” “Should you have to deal with an old man when you could’ve had many suitors who were so young?” “Should you have to be listening to a man who’s intoxicated with the exuberance of his own verbosity?” “Should you have to deal with somebody who is set in his ways?”
After Dustin shares this story, the other two podcast hosts join in and they have a conversation about what they would do in her position and say how his whole speech was disrespectful.
For the wellness segment, run by Fran, she mentions black-owned businesses like Telfar, to close out Black History month
For the music segment, Assanté asks his co-hosts their “listen latelys,” all mostly black artists. Some songs that were mentioned: Strawberry Moon by J Warner, Wonderwall by Oasis (as a nostalgic jam)
For the TV Segment, Dustin mentions Abbott Elementary, Bel-Air on Peacock, and the Kanye West documentary. He also shares that sometimes a show (in general) is successful so they go on a break to create more episodes to make the story longer
[19:00]
TikTok, scrolled for ~ 20 minutes
Scrolling on the app, my ‘for you page,’ which presents curated content for you, is full of mostly humorous videos and people expressing themselves through fashion and mundane thoughts about life. I came across the development of a video showing similar-looking young girls who look much older than I would have thought. The video is ‘stitched’ meaning that a few seconds of that video will show and someone else will ‘reply’ to the video. This man uses the videos of the girls to explain that there is a correlation between technology and the erasure of tween years. I read an interesting comment that says “This is why womens clothing sizes are getting smaller. To fit the younger kids who want to buy those styles and look older,” followed by a reply - “it’s true! i work in a clothing store and the amount of younger kids who would usually fit and wear certain pieces don't want them anymore.”
[22:30]
Twitter, scrolled for ~ 15 minutes
I did not see anything relating to class and labour. Throughout the day, Twitter sends notifications on the current events involving Ukraine and Russia, however, I do not engage with the news further.
Reddit, browsed for ~ 15 minutes
Out of my interest, I come across forums on codependency and people’s journeys on healing their codependency tendencies.
Wednesday, March 9, 2022
[10:30]
Tiktok, scrolled for ~ 20 minutes
In correspondence with my personal counselling, I searched videos on Tiktok on how to heal codependency tendencies.
[15:00]
Reddit, browsed for ~ 15 minutes
Erving Goffman’s theory of the ‘Presentation of Self;’ this search was part of a concept I learned in my communications course. I wanted to get more perspectives on what Goffman’s theory meant.
Thursday, March 10
Tiktok, scrolled for ~ 30 minutes
I did not see anything that stood out in the labour and class realm.
Friday, March 11
[12:50]
“The Friend Zone” Podcast (Spotify) - “Mmmmm Hmmmm”
In this episode, Assanté leads the podcast in storming through Reddit questions. Some of the questions that they covered:
"What is the best purchase you've ever made?"
- electric toothbrush that has an app that shows you what parts of your mouth need more pressure, air purifier
"If you could delete anything from the world, what would it be?"
- human trafficking, the third law of thermodynamics or the law that matter cannot travel faster than light, Bottega shoes, motorcycle-style jeans (the ones with the lines on the knees), chunky sneakers, politicians; “they should be replaced with trustworthy elders, but then there'd be corruption too”; politicians acting like little boys then we have to deal with the consequences
"What's the weirdest thing society accepts as normal?"
- politicians & 90% of what they do, countries/visas/passports and the fact that we all live in this land we can't go to a country unless we have visas/passports; we should be able to visit wherever we want, taxes; what makes it worse is that they don't do anything with the money; no changes in parks/transportation/local gyms/money is going to politicians; “it'd be different if we could actually see the change our taxes are making”; give us the breakdown/RECEIPTS
"Which movie would you like retold?"
- ‘Twilight,’ ‘The Color Purple’ from Mister’s perspective
"What's bad for our mental health that we just ignore?"
- rent, lack of sleep, alcohol, anything in excess, social media, sugar
"What is a TV show that everyone loves but you don't?"
- talent shows/they exploit people and are too mean, mean girls, the bachelor, housewives
Wellness segment: black threading salon - Hive Brow Bar in Portland, OR
Music man segment: showcasing “listen latelys”
TV segment: commentary on comic books universes focusing on particular superheroes (ie. Spiderman) when they have a vast amount of other superheroes they could focus on
[14:00]
Wizards of Waverly Place (Disney Plus) S2 EP21 “Justin's New Girlfriend”
Justin Russo shares a love for silent films with Harper, Alex Russo’s best friend. Justin and Alex begin going to see the films without Alex since she is not a fan of them, which leads Alex to think that they might be dating. In wanting Harper as her best friend again (without being close to Justin), Alex sabotages Harper’s relationship with her brother. Justin and Harper find out what Alex has done for her selfish reasons, and punish her by using magic to trap her in a silent film. In the end, Alex apologizes to both of them. Justin and Harper are clear that they are just friends who enjoy the same types of films.
Meanwhile, Jerry and Theresa Russo complain about each other’s workflow at the family sub shop, claiming that their roles aren’t as hard as they make it out to be. Max, their son, brings up the idea that they should switch roles for a bit to get a feel for each other’s roles. It turns out that Jerry and Theresa both struggle and learn to respect each other’s work duties.
[15:00]
“COVID-19: B.C. to drop mask mandate Friday for indoor public spaces, vaccine card in April” (Global News)
Information on B.C. dropping mask mandate as of 12:01 AM on Friday, March 11th; masks no longer mandatory on transit, will no longer be mandatory in K-12 grade schools after spring break, and individual businesses have the choice of whether or not they choose to wear masks. There is an excerpt from Ian Tostenson (BC Restaurant & Foodservices Association president) saying that restaurants will most likely ask workers to not wear a mask because so much of the hospitality sector relies on facial language (Zussman & Judd, 2022). On April 8, vaccine card identification is no longer needed as well. The overall news is that the government is now making it an individual choice for people to wear masks or not.
“B.C. lifts mask mandate for nearly all indoor public spaces” (CTV News Vancouver)
BC Provincial Health Officer Dr. Bonnie Henry shares that people should consider the context when deciding to wear a mask; we should still wear one when we are close to people (ie. on public transit). Masks are still mandatory to wear during medical appointments, at the airport, and on planes. Some resident comments are added that emphasize they are still choosing to wear masks because they don’t want to get sick and because it’s become a habit. Greg Wilson (Retail Council of Canada) says that “less than five percent of stores will keep their mask mandate” (Hasegawa, 2022). Physician Dr. Rhonda Low shares that everyone should assess their risk of catching COVID-19 when deciding to wear a mask; four things to consider — vaccination status, community transmission, where you are going, protecting vulnerable loved ones.
[22:50]
Hannah Montana (Disney Plus)
Oliver auditions for “America’s Top Talent” without telling his friend Miley, also known as Hannah Montana — a judge on the show. Lilly (a friend of both Oliver and Miley, but also Oliver’s girlfriend) sees that the attention that Oliver is getting from the show is driving him away from her. Oliver gets into the semi-finals but Miley brings to light that he’s been neglecting Lilly. He quickly realizes his wrongdoing and apologizes to her. Meanwhile, Jackson gets a $325 traffic ticket and his dad, Robby Ray, makes him clean the attic to make up for it. When Robby Ray gets a ticket for running a red light, he realizes that he gave Jackson too harsh a consequence.
That’s So Raven (Disney Plus)
Raven has had enough of Alana’s antics and decides to invite her and her posse to a sleepover to try and settle things between them. During the sleepover, she has a vision that there will be an earthquake. She immediately alerts her dad, brother, and friend (Eddy) who are out driving and they make their way back home immediately. At home, she makes everyone wear head protection and lay under the piano in disguise of a special game. However, Alana and her posse start to find the situation weird, which eventually leads Raven to tell them her secret that the only reason she’s making them do those activities is that she had a vision that there would be an earthquake. They laugh at her exposed secret of being psychic. Right after, Raven’s dad crashes into the garage which makes Chelsea (Raven’s friend) yell “earthquake!” showcasing what happened in Raven’s vision. Alana asks Raven if she set up this “earthquake” as a prank — to which Raven says “yes,” not wanting her to know that she is psychic. In the end, Alana decides to get back at Raven for what she did by putting a toilet seat around her.
[23:30]
CTV News Vancouver (Cable TV)
Vancouverites' opinions on mask mandates; most are choosing to still wear their masks. “Not mandatory, but still encouraged”
People boycotting Russian spoon/racist remarks; Canada making room for refugees — in-house student accommodation, ski resorts, Horgan said that people are renovating their basements to accommodate refugees
Saturday, March 12
[13:30]
BTS Permission to Dance in Seoul: Live Broadcasting (Cineplex)
A live broadcast of the Day 2 concert of mega-famous K-pop group BTS. The concert was about 3 hours long and the group sang songs in both Korean and English. Unlike online concert streaming, there were no subtitles during the speaking segments – I am guessing since the concert happened in real-time in South Korea less than 24 hours prior and there was not enough time to add the correct subtitles.
Sunday, March 13
[12:45]
Wizards of Waverly Place Season 2, Episode 22 "My Tutor, Tutor"
Max Russo gets a tutor named Tutor to help him with his magic. Alex and Justin take a liking to Tutor when they start hanging out with her outside of the tutor lessons. They learn that Tutor has to leave once Max passes his magic exam and plan to sabotage the progress he’s been making to have her stay longer. When Max finds out that his siblings planned his failure, he creates a plan that gets a leprechaun to attack them and tells Tutor. In the end, Max completes his time with Tutor and Alex and Justin apologize and tell her that they did not want her to leave because they enjoyed her company too much. It turns out that Tutor is half-elf, which explains the magical ability she has to have everyone like her. When Alex and Justin receive this information, they are no longer attached to her.
Media Journal Analysis
Explicit Showcase of Class & Labour Issues in Media Journal
“The Friend Zone” Podcast
“The Friend Zone” podcast on ‘Loud Speakers Network’ is a black American hosted podcast run by Dustin Ross, Fran of ‘HeyFranHey,’ and Assanté, where they “explore mental health, mental wealth, and mental hygiene” (Dustin, Fran, Assanté, 2022). Each Wednesday, a new episode is posted, lasting around 2 hours. The three hosts each have a specific segment to cover – wellness, music, and TV – although, they all converse amongst themselves for the topic of the week, which sometimes includes a guest.
Since the three podcasters are black, their perspectives, language, and thoughts are heavily influenced by being part of the black and African American racial groups. Class and labour issues are not explicitly talked about on every podcast episode as the hot topic, although because black people are a largely oppressed demographic in most of the world, the podcast itself showcases black solidarity in bringing to light black art culture and issues which are not a norm in North American society. It is thus important to take note that the thoughts presented in “The Friend Zone” are of the black American minority group in the following analysis.
In the episode “Mmmmm Hmmmm,” when the hosts explore Reddit questions, the topic of ‘politicians’ comes up twice when answering the questions "If you could delete anything from the world, what would it be?" and "What's the weirdest thing society accepts as normal?" The opinion that politicians do not make good decisions, act like boys and are corrupt come up, although Fran mentions that there would even be corruption if trustworthy elders were to take the place of politicians, implying that power leads to corruption (Dustin, Fran, Assanté, 2022). The mentioning of politicians can be connected when Assanté brings up that taxes should be “deleted,” because all the podcast hosts do not see their money going to parks, transportation, and local gyms, but instead to the politicians.
This can be an example opposing Martin's third frame which highlights that business leaders and those in power who drive the economy should be put on pedestals (Martin, 2004, p. 9). The opposition to this frame is especially important because, although America is a melting pot of different ethnicities and races, segregation between neighbourhoods still exists. For further context, the three hosts are from New York City (NY), Flint (Michigan), and Atlanta (Georgia) – cities with large black populations and the three hosts have been living in New York City for a long period. Gentrification has been an issue in New York City for years like a lot of big cities. As one of the most expensive cities in the world, it is no surprise hearing from tax-paying New Yorkers that their money is not going towards cleaner subways, government housing, and other amenities that could benefit the black community that continue to be pushed further out of the city to make way for transplants willing to overpay for a shoebox of a place.
Global News and CTV News on the COVID-19 Mask Mandate
Global News: On March 11th, Provincial Health Officer, Bonnie Henry, suddenly stated that B.C. will be dropping their mask mandate and that people have an individual choice whether or not they want to wear masks. The statement itself is not an explicit proclamation that supports capitalist society, but the following excerpt would show otherwise. Martin’s fifth frame, that you should not group against business(es), is showcased when an excerpt of Ian Tostenson (BC Restaurant & Foodservices Association president) shares that restaurants will most likely ask workers to not wear a mask because so much of the hospitality sector relies on facial language (Zussman & Judd, 2022). His statement comes off as ironic because having to wear masks, for both service workers and customers, has not been a big issue for most of the population since this has been the norm for at least one year. It does support the goal of “normalcy” which Bonnie Henry has consistently advocated for even though the pandemic is not over and with the rise of the variants, does not seem close to becoming endemic. On the other hand, Tostensen’s statement showcases Chomsky and Herman’s propaganda model that refers to addressing media observers as consumers (Martin, 2004, p. 51), because it is less about restaurant worker rights and more about the customer's point of view. Again, this is ironic considering the first few months of the pandemic were spent on cheering service workers for risking their health and now, when the pandemic is still happening, they are expected (at least as Tostensen said) to remove their masks to provide better service.
CTV News: In addition to Greg Wilson (Retail Council of Canada) saying that “less than five percent of stores will keep their mask mandate” (Hasegawa, 2022), supporting Tostenson’s statement, CTV News differs in their additional excerpts. First, resident comments add that they are still choosing to wear masks because they don’t want to get sick and because it’s become a habit. Secondly, physician Dr. Rhonda Low shares that everyone should assess their risk of catching COVID-19 when deciding to wear a mask. These excerpts oppose Martin’s fifth frame as there is more influence on the individual than on business. It also supports my analysis that most people have gotten used to the mask mandates, including service workers, who continue to risk their health in being in a more crowded environment.
Between these two news reports and Bonnie Henry’s statement, a significant underlying message is also that the government is portrayed as a neutral entity, as shown in Michael Parenti’s seventh generalization on how the media portrays labour (Martin, 2004, p. 12). Although several major mask mandates have been dropped, showcasing a message that the government deems it is safe enough to do so, adding an additional message that it is up to the individual relieves the responsibility of the government. For example, if an anti-masker comes across an establishment that states masks are still mandatory, the blame will not be on the B.C. provincial healthcare officer, but on the establishment.
Implicit Showcase of Class & Labour Issues in Media Journal
Disney Channel Shows for Kids
For the past few months, I have been rewatching TV shows that I used to watch growing up, mostly due to nostalgia. Viewing these shows as a young adult creates a new lens through which to think more critically about kids' television. In all of the Disney Channel show episodes I watched, none mentioned any class and labour issues (although, there are very few that exist). The plots are mainly focused on identity and interpersonal relationships, which are significant subjects for the target demographic of these shows.
Seeing the lack of labour and class issues being showcased in these shows forced me to look at the platform itself – Disney Channel as a TV Network owned by The Walt Disney Company. Disney excels in consumerism by creating illusions and strongly showcases Martin’s second frame, that what goes on behind the scenes of goods and services should be hidden. The way this is shown in the context of Disney Channel shows is by employing children, which is an issue within itself. Although Disney Channel stars are guaranteed fame, at the end of the day, these child stars are making millions of dollars with little understanding of what that entails. As former early 2000s Disney Channel actress Christy Carlson Romano (2021) explains in a Youtube video titled “How I Lost All My Money,” no one teaches you what to do and what not to do with so much money. Her example was buying an expensive car, and not knowing expensive monthly payments add up. While Disney Channel shows do not explicitly cover labour and class issues, the actors themselves function as a cog in Disney’s money-making machine, playing good-looking and charismatic characters, attracting children to buy TV show themed merchandise and even dream of becoming aspiring actors themselves, at least that’s how it worked for 12-year-old me.
Reflecting on Patterns in Media Consumption
While creating my media journal over a week, I realized that I overestimate how little the content I intake does not touch upon class and labour issues – at least explicitly. In defence of my weekly media journal for this assignment, when I am interested in a particular subject, I usually spend ample time on Google, Twitter, Tiktok, and sometimes Reddit to get as much information as I can. Those peaks of interest come in spurts and the week that I used for this assignment did not have one of those curiosity spurts.
In analyzing my examples for explicit showcasing of labour and class issues, I realize how significant it is to look at the racial, ethnic, and class background of whose voices are being amplified and ignored. In “The Friend Zone” podcast, I remind myself that as a Filipino-Canadian, I must give space for the experiences of black American voices, in that their reasoning and experience are different from mine and are rooted in different histories. For example, other than still being dependent on my parents (the podcast hosts are in their mid to late 30s) and not having to think about where my tax money goes, I have the privilege of not thinking about the harsher effects of gentrification in Vancouver and about what the city can do for Asian people.
Paying attention to the underlying messages also transferred when analyzing the news media on dropping the COVID-19 mask mandate. As a service worker myself, I preferred the CTV News report as there was more emphasis on considering the implications of what it would mean to no longer wear a mask. However, afterthoughts soon came after, thinking about how my workplace would act on these measures and how we might have to deal with customers not being okay with some of our decisions that put health and safety first.
In analyzing my main source of implicit showcasing of labour and class issues, Disney Channel shows, I realize how well capitalism can work – to the point where I did not think I could write much on kids' TV until I looked behind-the-scenes of the product in front of me and thought about how watching these shows influenced neoliberal ideas in me when I was younger. The overall message of what I learned from this assignment is that both explicit and implicit portrayals of class and labour issues should be considered. The influx of media both between platforms, like different news media, and within platforms, like Tiktok and Twitter seems to overstimulate users, creating illusions and making it difficult to see ingrained capitalist and neoliberal messages that affect our identities and how we choose to live.
Works Cited
Carlson Romano, C. [Christy Carlson Romano] (2021, September). How I Lost All of My Money [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Krbkqa90LnY
Dustin, Fran, Assanté (Hosts). (2022, March 2). Church Got A VIP. [Audio Podcast Episode]. In The Friend Zone. Loud Speakers Network. https://open.spotify.com/episode/7KACZLVk3BjF1oKdxLWMxO?si=gsk4cdxESzGD7o35lmpxvA
Dustin, Fran, Assanté (Hosts). (2022, March 9). Mmmmm Hmmmm. [Audio Podcast Episode]. In The Friend Zone. Loud Speakers Network. https://open.spotify.com/episode/0hzHOGDCGzJvJA21mKB3ny?si=g42zVco1TN-WDkn4tf3uGw
Hasegawa, R. (2022, March 11). B.C. lifts mask mandate for nearly all indoor public spaces. CTV News: Vancouver.
https://bc.ctvnews.ca/b-c-lifts-mask-mandate-for-nearly-all-indoor-public-spaces-1.5815353
Martin, C. R. (2004). Framed!: Labor and the Corporate Media. Cornell University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv3s8r24
Zussman, R. & Judd, A. (2022, March 9). COVID-19: B.C. to drop mask mandate Friday for indoor public spaces, vaccine card in April. Global News. https://globalnews.ca/news/8670563/bc-mask-vaccine-card-requirements-